The state-of-art research in the field of life’s organization confronts the need to investigate a number of interacting components, their properties and conditions of sustainable behaviour within a natural system. In biology, ecology and life sciences, the performance of such stable system is usually related to homeostasis, a property of the system to actively regulate its state within a certain allowable limits. In our previous work, we proposed a deterministic model for systems’ homeostasis. The model was based on dynamical system’s (...) theory and pairwise relationships of competition, amensalism and antagonism taken from theoretical biology and ecology. However, the present paper proposes a different dimension to our previous results based on the same model. In this paper, we introduce the influence of inter-component relationships in a system, wherein the impact is characterized by direction (neutral, positive, or negative) as well as its (absolute) value, or strength. This makes the model stochastic which, in our opinion, is more consistent with real-world elements affected by various random factors. The case study includes two examples from areas of hydrobiology and medicine. The models acquired for these cases enabled us to propose a convincing explanation for corresponding phenomena identified by different types of natural systems. (shrink)

Mathematical modeling is a convenient way for characterization of complex ecosystems. This approach was applied to study the dynamics of zooplankton in Lake Sevan (Armenia) at different stages of anthropogenic eutrophication with the use of a novel method called discrete modeling of dynamical systems with feedback (DMDS). Simulation demonstrated that the application of this method helps in characterization of inter- and intra-component relationships in a natural ecosystem. This method describes all possible pairwise inter-component relationships like “plus–plus,” “minus–minus,” “plus–minus,” “plus–zero,” “minus–zero,” (...) and “zero–zero” that occur in most ecosystems. Based on the results, a working hypothesis was formulated. It was found that the sensitivity to weak external influence in zooplanktons was the greatest during the mid period of eutrophication in Lake Sevan, whereas in the final stages of eutrophication, an outbreak in the biomass production of cyanobacteria was evident. To support this approach, a weak external disturbance in the form of magnetic storm was used to see its effect on species Daphnia longispina sevanica. A statistically significant correlation between the frequency of magnetic storms and the number of this species was revealed and an increase in the number of toxic cyanobacteria species as a consequence of eutrophication. This paper, for the first time, suggests a DMDS method, to diagnose impact of anthropogenic eutrophication on environment. (shrink)

Approximately 400,000 people die outside US hospitals or chronic care facilities each year. While there has been some recent movement towards initiating procedures for prehospital Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders, the most common situation in the US is that emergency medical systems (EMS) personnel are not authorized to pronounce patients dead, but are required to attempt resuscitation with all of the modalities at their disposal in virtually all patients. It is unfair and probably unrealistic for EMS personnel to have to (...) make a determination of the validity of a non-standard prehospital DNR order (for example, a living will or a durable power of attorney for health care). Existing prehospital DNR protocols range from being very restrictive in the scope of patients allowed to participate and in their implementation, to those that are more liberal. Potential benefits of prehospital DNR orders include freeing up vital personnel and material for use by those who would more fully benefit, and alleviating the enormous emotional strain on patients, families, EMS personnel, and hospital medical staffs involved in unwanted resuscitations that only prolong the dying process. Given this, prehospital DNR orders present several legal and moral problems. These include proper patient identification, the nature of the document itself, precautions incorporated into a DNR system to prevent misuse, potential liability for EMS and hospital personnel, and potential errors in implementation. Functioning prehospital DNR systems need to include: 1) specific legislation detailing the circumstances in which such a document could be used, the wording of such a document, and protection from liability for those implementing the document's directives; 2) having the currently valid document immediately available to the EMS personnel or base station doctors; and 3) acceptable means of identifying the patient. Relatively few US jurisdictions as yet have a prehospital DNR order system, although it is an idea whose time is overdue. Society's imperative to use available technology has pushed us into a situation where a technique to save those with a potential to continue a meaningful and wanted existence is being used indiscriminately to prolong the agony of death. (shrink)

We live in a time of significant change in the world. The end of XX century. marked by the gradual expansion of the globalization process through closer economic and information links, which also leads to different levels of interdependence between countries and regions. Instead of the state, transnational forces act as units of political discourse. The threat to the national interests of individual states comes precisely from transnational forces. Significant changes in the world make it imperative that global security strategies (...) be revised in the light of cultural factors. (shrink)

We study the structure of algebraic -closed subsets of an algebraic lattice L, where is some Browerian binary relation on L, in the special case when the lattice of such subsets is an atomistic lattice. This gives an approach to investigate the atomistic lattices of congruence-Noetherian quasivarieties.

Nobel Laureate in physics Wolfgang Pauli studied philosophy and the history of ideas intensively, especially in his later years, to form an accurate ontology vis-à-vis quantum theory. Pauli's close contacts with the Swiss psychiatrist C.G. Jung gave him special qualifications for also understanding the basic problems of empirical knowledge. After Pauli's sudden death in 1958, this work was maintained mainly in his posthumously published correspondence, which so far extends only to 1939. Because Pauli's view differs essentially from the direction physics (...) research took after the deaths of the founding fathers of quantum theory, this article attempts to describe the main features in Pauli's revolutionary thought, which is based on nature's “epistemological lesson” as revealed by Pauli's atomic research. Pauli's conclusions have important implications for various issues in Western culture, not least with the limits of science and the relation of science to religion. (shrink)

Trait emotional intelligence (“trait EI”) concerns our perceptions of our emotional abilities, that is, how good we believe we are in terms of understanding, regulating, and expressing emotions in order to adapt to our environment and maintain well-being. In this article, we present succinct summaries of selected findings from research on (a) the location of trait EI in personality factor space, (b) the biological underpinnings of the construct, (c) indicative applications in the areas of clinical, health, social, educational, organizational, and (...) developmental psychology, and (d) trait EI training. Findings to date suggest that individual differences in trait EI are a consistent predictor of human behavior across the life span. (shrink)

Philippe de Mézières est un de ces auteurs du XIVe siècle que l’on estime et étudie volontiers. C’est qu’il est témoin oculaire et participant de bien des hauts moments de l’histoire. Né vers 1327 dans la famille de Mézières, de petite noblesse picarde , il reçoit une formation spirituelle chez les chanoines de la cathédrale d’Amiens. En 1345 il quitte son pays natal et l’année suivante gagne ses éperons de chevalier après la croisade de Humbert II de Dauphiné en Smyrne. (...) Par la suite, il joue plusieurs rôles saillants: nommé en 1361 chancelier de Chypre sous les Lusignan ; ami de Pétrarque; familier de Grégoire XI à Avignon; apologiste des croisades; ami et conseiller de Charles V de France et précepteur du dauphin, le futur Charles VI; écrivain laïque parmi les Célestins de Paris entre 1380 et 1405. Presque octogénaire, Mézières y meurt le 29 mai 1405, et est accordé la distinction d’être enveloppé du manteau de l’ordre à son enterrement. C’est à cette période de retraite que remontent ses écrits importants, tous de caractère religieux et rédigés en latin ou en français. (shrink)

1935. A comprehensive text on the understanding and practice of yoga through the study of the nature of man as taught in the Vedas.

Abstract Surprisingly, little theoretical attention has so far been paid to the ?Comparative Assumption?: the attempt to extrapolate from species to species in psychology (and particularly to the human species). This paper examines the problems and the possibilities inherent in the Comparative Assumption. Perhaps the most important conclusion of the paper is that much more work is needed on this intriguing question.

The question of the esthetic conceptions of medieval Europe is most complex. The brilliant flourishing of classical esthetics in Europe was followed by a profound crisis of the spirit, deepened by the dominance of Christian dogmatism. However, this did not at all mean that esthetics had died. In Catholic Western Europe, in Orthodox Byzantium, the South Slavic countries and Rus', everywhere in fact, during the medieval period, the development of esthetic views, ideas, and theories went on. We sense in what (...) took place echoes of classical antiquity, Christian theological strains, and also new and original ideas. (shrink)

Can deception be a model for self-deception? There are familiar problems with saying that it can be. At the heart of all these problems, in the long run and despite the complexities and sophistications of the various theories, is this one evident point: all deception of another requires at least two choosing and believing agents, and such a duality is not—is it?—a model which we can tolerate for understanding a single person. Yet on the other hand we seem to have (...) no other way of describing self-deception; most attempts to do so, even if they begin by criticising the ‘deception’ model, prove, in the long run, to come down to it. (shrink)

I expect every reader knows the hackneyed old joke: ‘What is matter? Never mind. What is mind? No matter.’ Antique as this joke is, it none the less points to an interesting question. For the so-called mind–body dichotomy, which has been raised to almost canonical status in post-Cartesian philosophy, is not in fact at all easy to draw or to defend. This of course means that ‘the mind–body problem’ is difficult both to describe and to solve—or rather, as I would (...) prefer, to dissolve. (shrink)

This paper tries to argue that at least some alluring, trendy or fashionable problems to do with thought and language — several of which are discussed in this volume — are in fact alluring, trendy or fashionable red herrings or cul-de-sacs. I shall primarily be concerned with the ascription of thought and intelligence to non-language-users; but, en route to that, will need to brood over our ascriptions of such terms quite generally.

This paper attempts to analyse the images that animated a political movement called the Odessa Collective in Kerala since 1984. It produced six films – Amma Ariyan, Ithrayum Yathabhagam, Vettayadapetta Manasu, Mortuary of Love, Agnirekha and Holy Cow. This paper tries to argue that the twenty-two years of this movement's politics can be studied as an assemblage of the man and machine in a Deleuzian framework on cinema of the Third World. It tries to conceptualise the linkages between the Cinéma (...) Vérité of Jean Rouch and the Third Cinema of Solanas and Getino or the milieu of the political which creates realistic documentation in cinema. It looks at the concepts like desire and representation that intersect between these two different genres in order to reconceptualise the political in relation to Deleuze on cinema. (shrink)

Актуальність теми дослідження полягає в пошуках авторами вирішення майже 250-річної загадки походження і глобального поширення сім'ї близько 400 живих і мертвих індоєвропейських мов. Вчені ХІХ-ХХ століть не змогли знайти позицію «колиски» і пояснити механізм безпрецедентно успішного поширення спільних слів. Метою статті є використання ультранової наукової інформації з метою критичного аналізу сукупності старих і нових наукових праць в темі «виникнення та розвиток індоєвропейської мовної сім'ї». Цілі дослідження — використання технологій 6-го укладу і факту появи перших екологічно нешкідливих ноотехнологій для вивчення перспектив (...) ноонаук — нооісторії, нооархеології, й багатьох інших для вирішення загадок і «білих плям» проблеми походження всіх індоєвропейських мов та формування індоєвропейського виробничого, культурного, релігійного, наукового та освітнього світу. Методологія дослідження в теоретичній основі має перспективний принцип глобального еволюціонізму з трансдисциплінарними підходами. Науковий еволюціонізм полягає у виході наук і технологій на 7-й уклад, який стане гарантією порятунку людства від усіх сучасних загроз. Ми використовуємо кілька ноонаук, а також нооінтегральний, системний і нооісторичний методи. Результатом дослідження є відкриття того факту, що в минулому вчені-попередники вважали походження та розвиток індоєвропейської мовної сім'ї тільки внутрішньою проблемою для лінгвістики. Ми вирішили, що насправді це типова екстра-проблема, яка вимагає використання знань і останніх відкриттів багатьох точних і гуманітарних наук. Замість «PIEL» ми пропонуємо фразу «хмара тегів» зі світу ІКТ, досягнення точних наук у вимірі віку археологічних знахідок і розшифровку їх генетичної складової. Крім того, в цій статті було доведено, що наші далекі пращури зробили найбільший внесок у прогрес індоєвропейського світу. У пунктах 1-10 наводяться докази, засновані на досягненнях ноісторії до початку 2019 року. Вказується, що поширення спільних слів тривало тисячі років із зони поділу праці, винаходів і активної торгівлі. Це були пенеплени Едем - Анатолія - Трипілля-1 - Велике Трипілля — його розпад з переселенням наших пращурів. Висновок - стаття за своїм змістом значно перевершує відносно вузьку тему витоків індоєвропейської мовної сім'ї. У ній доведено, що сучасні й майбутні соціальні, економічні чи інші екстрапроблеми пощастить вирішити тільки при об’єднанні сукупного наукового інтелекту, врахуванні, передбаченні і створенні нових відкриттів - ноотехнологій та десятків ноонаук. Залишається сподіватися, що людство помітить їх і вчасно врятується. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be (...) preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

. The problem of reconstructing digital images from degraded measurements is regarded as a problem of importance in various fields of engineering and imaging science. The main goal of denoising is to restore a noisy image to produce a visually high quality image. In this paper, we propose a novel transform domain technique that uses multispinning for image denoising. The proposed method uses multiple cyclic shifted versions of an image, where each of them would capture more detail information during decomposition. (...) Discrete wavelet transform and contourlet transform in association with multispinning is used. The results are compared with traditional transform and spatial domain techniques. The visual and quantitative evaluation suggests that the proposed method yields better results. (shrink)

In this paper, we show that the Kirchhoff equations are derived from the Schrödinger equation by assuming the wave function to be a polynomial like solution. These Kirchhoff equations describe the evolution of n point vortices in hydrodynamics. In two dimensions, Kirchhoff equations are used to demonstrate the solution to single particle Laughlin wave function as complex Hermite polynomials. We also show that the equation for optical vortices, a two dimentional system, is derived from Kirchhoff equation by using paraxial wave (...) approximation. These Kirchhoff equations satisfy a Poisson bracket relationship in phase space which is identical to the Heisenberg uncertainty relationship. Therefore, we conclude that being classical equations, the Kirchhoff equations, describe both a particle and a wave nature of single particle quantum mechanics in two dimensions. (shrink)